Directory of Manila Galleon Voyages,
1565 through 1815
Bruce Cruikshank
Introduction, August 2006 (see below, please)
1565 to 1815 Tabular Overview of Galleons Coming and Going, (see below, please)
Terminology and Frequently Used Sources (see below, please)
Bibliography (see below, please)
Galleon Miscellany (see below, please)
Manila Galleon Voyages, by Year, 1565-1815
16th century, beginning 1565, e-mail me, please, or see http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-yenYfS08eqgwDsnprU8OffaUdTg_
17th century, e-mail me, please, or see http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-yenYfS08eqgwDsnprU8OffaUdTg_
18th century, e-mail me, please, or see http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-yenYfS08eqgwDsnprU8OffaUdTg_
19th century, through 1815, e-mail me, please, or see http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-yenYfS08eqgwDsnprU8OffaUdTg_
Introduction, August 2006
Bruce Cruikshank
ManilaGalleon@yahoo.com
This is an updated list revised from the first one I posted in September 2003 at http://www.mrcstudios.com/bruce/. The help of Mr. Matt Cruikshank was central to that effort. We have now abandoned the earlier list both because of technical difficulties as well as the fact that the material there was increasingly out of date and unsatisfactory.
This continues to be a preliminary listing of the ships that sailed between Manila/Cavite and Acapulco from 1565 to 1815. Working alone this time and due to my inexperience with Web pages, the listings are more complete but less easily used than in the earlier list. All but the listings for a particular year are here. To find the material presented here one must scroll down or search for the categories listed above. I apologize for the inconvenience and cumbersome nature of the format. Over time it is possible that this deficiency will be corrected. Since I did want to make the revised material available as soon as possible, I went ahead as best I could, however unsatisfactory the format.
For a specific year or years, if the Tabular Overviews listed below are not sufficient, please go to a separate site, a blog:
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-yenYfS08eqgwDsnprU8OffaUdTg_
I am hopeful that eventually I will be able to get all the data included in the web site, but for now please work between these two sites. If you need a quick reference to the URLs, please see http://ManilaGalleon.info where both URLs are listed.
I have endeavored to make the listing of dates and names and fates as complete as possible. Due to the scanty, and sometimes ambiguous or contradictory information readily available—characteristics that prompted the project—there may be errors or omissions in the listing to date. The purpose is to provide an easily accessed site for scholars in Latin American, Pacific, and Asian studies to consult and correct the data presented. As you find errors, omissions, and the unresolved contradictions in the listings, please e-mail me at ManilaGalleon@yahoo.com and explain both the problem and provide the citation of the source buttressing your correction. Unless specifically directed, I will credit you for any changes adopted in subsequent ‘editions’ that came from your input; an archival or published source is of great value for this list, so please include it if you have one and it is apposite.
One can get an overview of the listings over the years by looking at the “1565 to 1815 tabular overview of galleons coming and going.” The “Terminology and Frequently Used Sources” gives you a preview of the more commonly used sources, while a fuller, albeit selected, list of sources is in the “Bibliography.” For specific years, see the listings by date in the blog referenced above.
Bruce
Overview of Galleons to/from Philippines, 1565-1815
Data in brackets indicates supposition
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
|
1565 |
27 April, Cebu |
San Pedro or San Pablo, 1 June 1565 |
3 October 1565 |
|
|
1566 |
October, Cebu, San Gerónimo |
May 1566, San Gerónimo |
||
|
1567 |
15 October, Cebu, San Gerónimo |
“late July” 1567, San Juan or San Juanillo |
[one arrived] |
“early in 1567,” San Gerónimo |
|
1568 |
2 galleons, Cebu |
San Pablo [San Pedro], lost en route |
[none] |
[2 ships sent] |
|
1569 |
11 June, Cebu |
San Lucas |
San Juan |
|
|
1570 |
3 June, Cebu. Three galleons in 1570. |
[3 ships sent] |
||
|
1571 |
17 July |
[at least one sent] |
||
|
1572 |
Santiago; San Juan; Espiritu Santo |
13 August, Santiago and San Juan dispatched but both turned back |
[none] |
[3 ships sent] |
|
1573 |
at least one |
1 July, [Santiago]; San Juan; [Espiritu Santo]. San Juan returned to port |
15 and 24 August, 2 ships |
|
|
1574 |
6 July, one of 2 |
San Juan ,Espiritu Santo |
[two sent] |
|
|
1575 |
24 or 25 August; and 11 September |
[the Espiritu Santo] |
6 April, [2 ships]; 18 November, Espiritu Santo |
|
|
1576 |
Santiago , San Felipe |
lost en route Espiritu Santo |
||
|
1577 |
?24 June; 2 August |
San Juan , ca. 8 June |
[at least one sent, ?15 March] |
|
|
1578 |
2 July |
San Juanillo ,but lost at sea |
[at least one sent] |
|
|
1579 |
Trinidad |
[2 November 1579] |
||
|
1580 |
April |
one sent but put back to port |
[at least one sent] |
|
|
1581 |
March; July, San Martín |
29 March, San Martín |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1582 |
[24 May] 1582 |
[at least one sent, 10 March 1582]] |
||
|
1583 |
[the Santa Maria de Jesus; and the San Martin] |
|||
|
1584 |
9 March; 16 and 26 May; June |
July 24 or July 29, from Macao, the San Juan Bautista] |
29 February 1584, the Santa Maria de Jesus; 15 December 1584, the San Martin; the San Juan Bautista |
[at least one sent] |
|
1585 |
September; and the San Juan, June 1585. |
The San Martin as well as the San Juan, 25 March 1585 |
||
|
1586 |
“May or June” |
28 June, San Martín July 1587, from Macao, the [Nuestra Señora de Esperanza] |
|
[at least one sent] |
|
1587 |
[perhaps two arrived] |
Santa Ana , almost taken by Cavendish; and, from Macao, 12 July 1587 the Nuestra Señora de Esperanza |
the Nuestra Señora de Esperanza, 22 November 1587, from Macao |
San Martín ; and 6 April ship |
|
1588 |
?one ship arrived |
June, Santiago |
7 January, Santa Ana |
?one ship departed |
|
1589 |
|
|||
|
1590 |
1st galleon, 31 May or 1 June; 2nd ship, 20 June |
Santiago , &the San Ildefonso |
December 1590, the Santiago |
1 March, 2 ships, one the Santiago |
|
1591 |
21 June 1591, the Santiago |
“end of June,” 2 ships, one = San Felipe |
19 January 1591, the San Ildefonso |
the Santiago and the San Ildefonso (lost en route) |
|
1592 |
3 or 31 May |
[at least one sent] |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1593 |
perhaps 25 September 1593, the Santiago; the San Felipe |
San Felipe and San Francisco; both put back to port |
8 February 1593, the San Felipe; and 4 April 1593, the Santiago |
|
|
1594 |
“April or May”; 15 June 1594, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario [and the San Pedro?] |
June 1594, the San Felipe and the San Francisco |
November, the Santiago; 22 November 1594, the San Felipe |
21 March 1594, the Ntra. Señora del Rosario [and the San Pedro?] |
|
1595 |
10, 11, or 12 June, two galleons, [San Felipe] and Santiago; end of July, the San Pablo |
July 1595, the San Agustín, which ship-wrecked en route 30 November 1595. |
22 or 23 March, San Felipe and the Santiago |
|
|
1596 |
31 January 1596, survivors from the San Agustín; 1 June, 14 July, 5 August, one of which was the Rosario; 22 July 1596, the San Pedro |
July, San Felipe, lost en route; the San Gerónimo |
“at the end of” 1596, the San Gerónimo |
6 March, two ships, one of which = the Rosario; 25 or 28 March 1596, the San Pablo and the San Pedro |
|
1597 |
4 June 1597, the Santa Margarita and the San Gerónimo; the San Bartolomé |
21 March 1597, the Santa Margarita & the San Gerónimo; 23 November 1597, the San Bartolomé; the San Diego |
||
|
1598 |
10 March 1598, the San Pedro and the San Diego; 23 May 1598; 5 May 1598, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario and the San Bartolomé. |
Santa Margarita ;[San Gerónimo] |
21 January 1598, the San Bartolomé [two or three more ships, February 1598] |
9 or 10 February 1598, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario and the San Bartolomé; and 10 March 1598, the San Pedro and the San Diego |
|
1599 |
17 June 1599; ?9 July 1599, the Santa Margarita, San Jeronimo, and La Contadora |
Santo Tomas and two other ships |
16 March 1599, the Santa Margarita, San Jeronimo, and La Contadora |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1600 |
1600, possibly 24 June, the Santa Potenciana |
Santa Margarita and San Gerónimo; they did not arrive in MexicoJuly 1600, two other vessels, one La Contadora |
1 December 1600, the vessel other than La Contadora that left Manila 18 July 1600. |
16 February 1600, the Santa Catalina; 22 February, the Rosario; 25 March 1600, both the Santa Potenciana and the Santiaguillo |
|
1601 |
April or 19 May, the patache San Antonio; the Santa Catalina |
San Juan; and two other ships which had to turn back to the Philippines |
[January 1601, two of the three ships that had safely made the voyage from Manila in 1600] |
February 1601, the Santo Tomás (lost en route); and a patache, February 1601, the San Antonio |
|
1602 |
Four ships, April 1602 or 1 or 10 May, and 18 November 1602 |
Jesus María, the Espiritu Santo, and the Rosario (or the San Antonio). The first two returned to port. |
[Rosario] or the San Antonio |
4 February 1602, the Nuestra Señora de los Remedios, the Santa Potenciana, the San Ildefonso, the Nuestra Señora de Begoña, the Nuestra Señora de la Antigua; and possibly the San Francisco |
|
1603 |
End of May, two ships; 21 June 1603; 22 June 1600, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario; and 24 June 1600, the San Antonio de Pádua |
4 July, Ntra Señora de la Antigua; 5 July, San Alfonso; Ntra Señora de los Remedios, but put back; and San Antonio, but lost at sea. The Magdalena capsized before departure. 10 July, Espiritu Santo & the Jesus Maria. |
Nuestra Señora de la Antigua and San Alfonso19 and 22 December, the Espiritu Santo and the Jesus Maria. |
8 March 1603, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario and the San Antonio de Pádua |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1604 |
June and July 1604, the Espíritu Santo and the San Diego |
10 July, Espiritu Santo and Jesus María; Nuestra Señora de los Remedios (put back to port); and the San Antonio (lost at sea) |
22 December 1604, the Jesús María |
16 March 1604, the Espíritu Santo and the San Diego; November 1604, the Nuestra Señora de la O. |
|
1605 |
25 February; and 17 or 22 June, the San Ildefonso and the Jesús María |
July 1605, the Espíritu Santo |
9 December 1605, the Espíritu Santo |
22 or 25 March 1605, the San Ildefonso and the Jesús María [; and a “fast dispatch boat”] |
|
1606 |
10 May 1606, the Espiritu Santo; 16 July or 3 August |
July 1606, the Espiritu Santo; and one other ship |
[Espiritu Santo; and one other ship] |
22 or 25 February 1606, the Espiritu Santo; and the Santa Ana and the Nuestra Señora de la Antigua |
|
1607 |
8 June 1607, the San Pedro y San Pablo; 18 June 1607, the Santiago |
31 March 1607, the San Pedro y San Pablo and the Santiago |
||
|
1608 |
15 June 1608; 14 June 1608, the Santa Ana and the San Francisco |
two sent, one wrecked en route |
[one ship] |
5 or 15 March 1608, the Santa Ana and the San Francisco; the Nuestra Señora de los Remedios |
|
1609 |
11 April 1609; 8 April 1609, the San Andrés, the Espíritu Santo, the San Pedro, and the Nuestra Señora de la O. |
July 1609, 3 ships: San Andrés, Santa Ana and San Francisco—the last 2 wrecked or ported en route |
San Andrés |
16 January 1609, the San Andrés, the Espíritu Santo, the San Pedro, and the Nuestra Señora de la O. |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1610 |
4,6, 8, 9, or 10 June 1610, the San Francisco Javier and the San Andrés |
12 July, San Juan Bautista; and one other that returned to port |
the San Juan Bautista; and the Santa Ana, after a layover in Japan 1609-10, 7 October 1610 |
25 March, the San Francisco Javier and the San Andrés |
|
1611 |
20 June 1611, the San Juan Bautista, the Santa Ana, and the San Buenaventura; August 1611 |
3 or 24 March 1611, the San Juan Bautista, the Santa Ana, and the San Buenaventura; 22 March 1611, the San Francisco, for Japan |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1612 |
1612; 10 or 11 1612, the Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe and the San Pedro |
“advice patache alone was sent” |
30 March 1612, the Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe and the San Pedro |
|
|
1613 |
7 or May 1613, the San Pedro; 31 July 1613, the San Andrés; 2 August 1613, the Santo Ángel de la Guarda |
5 January 1613, the San Andrés; 5 February 1613, the Santo Ángel de la Guarda |
12 March 1613, the San Pedro; 26 March 1613, the Santo Ángel de la Guarda; and 29 March 1613, the San Andrés |
|
|
1614 |
Ship called the San Juan Bautista arrived 22 or 25 January 1614 from Japan |
|||
|
1615 |
20 June or 4 July 1615, the San Andrés; 20 June 1615, the Santiago; 22 June 1615, the Santa Margarita; 26 July 1615, the San José |
[two galleons] |
[one arrived 24 December 1615; the other 1 January 1616] |
27 March 1615, the San Andrés, the Santiago, the San José, and the Santa Margarita; 31 October 1615, the San Antonio; to Japan, 28 April 1615, the San Juan Bautista |
|
1616 |
October; 20 or 24 November, the Ángel de la Guarda |
[two] ships, both put back to port |
10 [1?] January 1616, the San Antonio |
?the San Antonio; 1 April 1616, the Ángel de la Guarda; 26 March 1616, the Nuestra Señora de los Remedios, lost en route |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1617 |
February and March, two small boats; 26 or 30 June or 4 July 1617, the San Gerónimo |
[two] ships, both put back to port |
from Japan , the San Juan Bautista |
[at least 3 ships sent], including 27 March 1617, the San Gerónimo |
|
1618 |
2 or 5 July; 5 July 1618, the Espíritu Santo and the San Juan Bautista; 31 July 1618, the San Andrés; 21 August 1618 |
10 August 1618, two ships, one of which was the Espiritu Santo |
two, December, one of which was the Espiritu Santo |
31 March 1618, the San Andrés and the San Juan Bautista; 1 April 1618, the Ángel de la Guarda; 2 April 1618, the Espíritu Santo and possibly one other ship |
|
1619 |
4 July 1619, the San Andrés and the San Gerónimo; 3 August 1618, two ships arrived, one was the Espiritu Santo |
early August, 1619, the San Nicolas |
the San Nicolas |
20 March 1619, the San Andrés and the San Gerónimo; [the Espiritu Santo] |
|
1620 |
16 August 1620, the San Nicolás (blown ashore in Samar after a battle with the Dutch) and the patache (the Nuestra Señora del Rosario) |
2 ships, one sank and the other put back |
4 or 9 April 1620, two ships, a patache (the Nuestra Señora del Rosario) and the San Nicolás |
|
|
1621 |
5 August 1621, or 24 or 26 October 1621, the San Andrés |
Nuestra Señora de la Vida, but shipwrecked while still in the archipelago |
two ships, the San Andrés (departed 6 April 1621); and the San Nicolás, lost en route |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1622 |
3 or more ships, 25 June 1622, the Santiago; in July 1622, and 5 August; ?23 November, the San Jacinto; ?26 November, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario; and ?30 November 1622, the San Juan Bautista |
two ships, one of which sank en route |
[one ship] |
3 ships, two left 16 September and the third in late September or early October. Another ship may have left 25 March 1622. |
|
1623 |
?16 July 1623, the San Andrés; and 31 July 1623, the Nuestra Señora de Atocha |
19, 20, or 23 March 1623, the San Andrés and the Nuestra Señora de Atocha |
||
|
1624 |
at least one ship arrived in 1624 from Acapulco |
26 or 27 March 1624, the San Luís and the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
||
|
1625 |
8, 19, or 29 July or 1 August 1625, the Nuestra Señora de Atocha and the Santísima Trinidad |
5 or 6 April 1625, the Nuestra Señora de Atocha and the Santísima Trinidad |
||
|
1626 |
18, 25, 28, or 29 June 1626, more than one ship—at least the San Ignacio and the San Jacinto, possibly the San Raymundo and the San Luís as well |
[at least two sent, the San Ignacio and the San Jacinto] |
at least two, the San Ignacio and the San Jacinto |
at least two, probably the San Ignacio and the San Jacinto; 26 March 1626, the San Raymundo and the San Luís |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1627 |
?27 July 1627, the San Jacinto; ?16 September, the San Ignacio |
more than one ship |
25 March 1627, the San Luís; 4 April 1627, the San Jacinto and the San Ignacio |
|
|
1628 |
3 or 4 or 7 August 1628, the San Luis, the San Ignacio, and the San Raimundo |
? galleons departed 4 August 1628 |
3 April 1628, the San Raimundo, the San Luis, and the San Ignacio |
|
|
1629 |
July 1629, the San Ignacio and the San Jacinto. |
4 August, San Juan and one other ship (which put back to port) |
the San Juan |
29 March 1629, the San Ignacio and the San Jacinto |
|
1630 |
14 July 1630, two ships and a patache, presumably the San Juan Bautista |
4 August, 2 ships, hard and long voyages, the San Ignacio and the San Jacinto |
July and August 1631, the San Ignacio and the San Jacinto |
“two small vessels” and the San Juan Bautista |
|
1631 |
?11 July 1631, the San Francisco; ?28 July 1631, the San Juan Evangelista |
La Magdalena , turned turtle in the harbor; the Santa Margarita, returned to port |
July and August, two ships that had left Manila August 1630, the San Ignacio and the San Jacinto |
4 April 1631, the San Francisco and the San Juan Evangelista |
|
1632 |
two ships, one 25 or 26 May (San Luis); and 25 May or 10 July 1632, the San Raimundo |
“Nuestra Señora de la Concepción” |
22 or 23 February 1632, the San Luis and the San Raimundo |
|
|
1633 |
?10 July 1633, Mindoro, the San Luis and the Santa María Magdalena |
“Nuestra Señora de la Concepción” |
3 or 5 April 1633, the San Luis and the Santa María Magdalena |
|
|
1634 |
20 July 1634, the San Raimundo and the [Nuestra Señora de la] Concepción |
30 March 1634, the San Raimundo and the [Nuestra Señora de la] Concepción |
||
|
1635 |
23, 25, or 29 June, Nuestra Señora de la Concepción and the San Luis |
none |
[none] |
3 April 1635, the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción and the San Luis |
|
1636 |
29 June 1636, the San Nicolás and the San Ambrosio |
none |
[none] |
4 April 1636, the San Nicolás and the San Ambrosio |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1637 |
none |
24 August 1637, a patache, the [San Juan Bautista] |
the San Juan Bautista |
none |
|
1638 |
?19 August 1638, both the San Ambrosio and the San Raimundo |
August 1638, the San Ambrosio and the Concepción; shipwrecked en route |
[none] |
30 March 1638, the San Raimundo; and the San Ambrosio |
|
1639 |
2 ships lost on the coast of Cagayan, the San Ambrosio and the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción |
7 or 8 August, the Concepción [not the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción that perhaps arrived 31 August 1639 in the Islands |
[the San Ambrosio] |
9 April 1639, the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción and the San Ambrosio] |
|
1640 |
?16 July 1640, the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción |
30 March 1640, the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción |
||
|
1641 |
Circa August 1641, Borongan, the San Juan Bautista |
30 March 1641, the San Juan Bautista |
||
|
1642 |
July or August 1642, Mauban, the San Luis |
|
3 April 1642, the San Luis |
|
|
1643 |
7 July 1643, Binangonan de Lampon, the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción and the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
two ships, one of which returned to port |
[one ship] |
31 March or 1 April 1643, the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción and the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
|
1644 |
June/August 1644, or ?4 August 1644, the San Luis Rey de Francia |
two sent, September 1644, the Encarnación and the Rosario |
|
29 March 1644, the San Luis Rey de Francia |
|
1645 |
July 1645, Binangonan de Lampon and Palapag, the Encarnación and the Rosario |
February 1645, the Encarnación and the Rosario |
5 April 1645, the Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1646 |
[Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación] |
the San Diego, but put back to port under attack |
3 April 1646, the San Luis sent but wrecked en route (Cagayan), 25 July 1646. Also sent was the Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación |
|
|
1647 |
none |
None |
[none] |
none |
|
1648 |
July1648, Binangonan de Lampon, a patache, the Buen Jesús |
1 May 1648, the San Diego; 6 May 1648, Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación |
[the San Diego]; 12 December 1648, Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación |
5 or 8 April 1648, a patache, the Buen Jesús |
|
1649 |
October 1649, shipwreck of the Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación |
1649, the Nuestra Señora de Guía |
31 March 1649, the Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación |
|
|
1650 |
15 August 1650, the Nuestra Señora de Guía |
the San Diego, but had to put back to port |
none |
1 April 1650, the Nuestra Señora de Guía |
|
1651 |
none |
the San Diego, but put back to port, again |
[none] |
none |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1652 |
none; ?26 May 1652 |
[the San Francisco Javier] |
the San Francisco Javier |
none |
|
1653 |
22 or 23 July 1653, or ?September 1653, the San Francisco Javier |
3 March 1653, the San Francisco Javier |
||
|
1654 |
13 June 1654, the San Diego, wrecked on arrival, May 1654; may have been a second ship, September 1654 |
the San Francisco Xavier |
the San Francisco Xavier |
22 February 1654, the San Diego, lost en route; may have been a 2nd ship |
|
1655 |
San Francisco Javier , shipwrecked in Samar, 19 October 1655 |
the Victoria and the Santiago, but they both put back to port |
31 March 1655, the San Francisco Javierr |
|
|
1656 |
none |
2 ships, but they both put back to port |
none |
|
|
1657 |
None |
?San José |
ship arrived, ?the San José?, the crew and passengers dead |
none |
|
1658 |
8 or 18 August 1658, the Nuestra Señora de la Victoria; and, 3 September 1658, the San José |
8 August 1658, the Ntra.Sra.de la Victoria; and, 25 March 1658, the San José |
||
|
1659 |
1 August 1659, Binangonan de Lampon, the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción |
5 ?April 1659, the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción |
||
|
1660 |
15 September 1660, the San José |
none |
1 April 1660, the San José |
|
|
1661 |
none |
|
none |
None |
|
1662 |
10 or 13 July 1662, perhaps near Binangonan de Lampon, the San Damián |
San José |
None (the San José must have arrived in 1663) |
5 April 1662, the San Damián |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1663 |
8 July 1663, Cagayan (September, Manila), the San José |
San Sabiniano , but returned to port |
[probably the San José, which had left the Islands in 1662] |
25 March 1663, the San José |
|
1664 |
10 July? 1664, the Concepción |
the San José |
the San José |
29 March 1664, the Concepción |
|
1665 |
?9 July 1665, the San José |
Nuestra Señora de la Concepción |
Nuestra Señora de la Concepción |
31 March 1665, the San José |
|
1666 |
?24 June 1666, the San Jose; Palapag, 15 August 1666, the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción |
two left, both returned to port. Apparently La Concepción departed successfully |
[La Concepción] |
the San José; 25 March 1666, the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción |
|
1667 |
August 1667, La Concepción and/or the San José |
28 August 1667, Nuestra Señora del Buen Socorro; and the patache San Diego |
Nuestra Señora del Buen Socorro ; and the San Diego (?January 1668) |
end of February or March 1667, La Concepción; and/or the San José |
|
1668 |
June, July, or Sept. 1668, the Ntra Señora del Buen Socorro & the Buen Socorro |
the San José |
?January 1668, the San Diego |
25 March 1668, the San Diego & the Ntra Señora del Buen Socorro |
|
1669 |
July or September 1669, the San José |
the Nuestra Señora del Buen Socorro and the San Diego(from Binangonan de Lampon); both put back to port (Cavite and Binangonan de Lampon) |
22 January 1669, the San José |
26 or 27 March 1669, the San José |
|
1670 |
none |
the San Diego, but it put back to port; perhaps two others were dispatched as well |
perhaps one or two ships, perhaps the Buen Socorro |
none |
|
1671 |
July (Palapag) and then on to Manila in August 1671, the Nuestra Señora del Buen Socorro; and the Santo Niño |
18 March 1671, the Nuestra Señora del Buen Socorro; also, date not known, the Santo Niño |
||
|
1672 |
10 June 1672, the San Diego |
the San Telmo, but returned to port; the San Antonio |
6 February 1672, the San Diego |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1673 |
15 July 1673, the San Antonio de Pádua |
20 March 1673, the San Antonio de Pádua |
||
|
1674 |
12 August 1674, the Nuestra Señora del Buen Socorro |
the San Telmo |
the San Telmo |
31 March 1674, the Nuestra Señora del Buen Socorro |
|
1675 |
13 August 1675, the San Telmo |
[perhaps one sent] |
26 March 1675, the San Telmo |
|
|
1676 |
22 June or 20 July, the San Antonio de Pádua |
the Santa Rosa |
the Santa Rosa |
21 March 1676, the San Antonio de Pádua |
|
1677 |
Before 16 November 1677, the Santa Rosa |
the Santa Rosa (which turned back in 1678) and the San Telmo |
the San Telmo |
29 March 1677, the Santa Rosa |
|
1678 |
21 September 1678, the San Telmo |
San Antonio de Pádua |
31 March 1678, the San Telmo |
|
|
1679 |
Perhaps before 20 November 1679, the San Antonio de Pádua; the San Telmo; and the Santa Rosa |
24 June 1679, the San Antonio de Padua |
San Antonio de Pádua, 8 January 1679 |
31 March 1679, the San Antonio de Pádua; the San Telmo; and the [Santa Rosa] |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1680 |
12 July 1680, the Santa Rosa |
22 June 1680, the San Telmo; and the San Antonio |
[?San Antonio de Pádua] |
25 March 1680, the Santa Rosa |
|
1681 |
On or before 13 October 1681, the San Telmo; the San Antonio |
22 June 1681, the San Antonio de Pádua. The Santa Rosa, but forced to return to port |
22 January 1681, the San Telmo; [the San Antonio] |
the San Antonio; 28 March 1681, the San Telmo |
|
1682 |
24 July 1682, the San Antonio de Pádua |
the Santa Rosa, but forced to return to port |
27 March 1682, the San Antonio de Pádua |
|
|
1683 |
none |
22 June 1683, the Santa Rosa; and, 30 June 1683, the San Telmo |
the Santa Rosa and the San Telmo |
none |
|
1684 |
14 July 1684, the San Telmo; and 31 August 1684, the Santa Rosa |
1 July 1684, the Santo Niño Jesús de Cebú [?the Santo Niño y Nuestra Señora de Guía?] |
Santo Niño Jesús de Cebú [?the Santo Niño y Nuestra Señora de Guía?] |
4 April 1684, the San Telmo; and the Santa Rosa |
|
1685 |
25 June, 5, or 19 July 1685, the Santo Niño y Nuestra Señora de Guía; ?San Telmo |
23 June 1685, the Santa Rosa |
the Santa Rosa, 20 December 1685. |
31 March 1685, the Santo Niño y Nuestra Señora de Guía and ?San Telmo |
|
1686 |
11 July 1686, the Santa Rosa |
none |
none |
31 March 1686, the Santa Rosa |
|
1687 |
[none] |
Santo Niño [Jesús de Cebú], but forced to return to port |
[none] |
None |
|
1688 |
10 July 1688, the patache Santo Rey [Don? ?San] Fernando |
the Santo Cristo de Burgos; the Santo Niño [Jesús de Cebú] |
[the Santo Niño [Jesús de Cebú]]? |
31 March 1688, the patache Santo Rey [Don? ?San] Fernando |
|
1689 |
16 July 1689, the Santo Cristo de Burgos; and the Santa Rosa de Lima |
[one?] |
the Santo Cristo de Burgos, 15 February 1689; ?one arrived 19 December 1689 |
31 March 1689, the Santo Cristo de Burgos; and the Santa Rosa de Lima; |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1690 |
19 or 25 or 28 July 1690, the Santo Niño y Nuestra Señora de Guía |
Nuestra Señora del Rosario Santo Cristo de Burgos |
[Nuestra Señora del Rosario] [Santo Cristo de Burgos] |
20 March 1690, the Santo Niño y Nuestra Señora de Guía and the Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza (which was wrecked en route, in the Marianas |
|
1691 |
the Santo Cristo de Burgos |
23 March 1691, the Santo Cristo de Burgos |
||
|
1692 |
30 June 1692, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Francisco Xavier; and the Santo Cristo de Burgos |
the Santo Cristo de Burgos, but returned to port; [Santa Rosa de Lima] |
the Santa Rosa de Lima |
21 March 1692, the Ntra. Sra. del Rosario y San Francisco Xavier; and [the] Santo Cristo de Burgos |
|
1693 |
none |
July 1693, the Santo Cristo de Burgos (but lost en route) |
none |
|
|
1694 |
28 June1694, the patache San José |
the San José, galleon, lost en route; & a patache |
a patache |
,the patache San José |
|
1695 |
23 June 1695, the Santo Niño and the San José |
the Santo Niño and the San José |
||
|
1696 |
25 July 1696, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
a patache sent; 24 June 1696, the San José |
a patache |
the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
|
1697 |
24 July 1697, the San José |
28 June 1697 |
20 January 1697, the San José |
25 or 30 March 1697, the San José |
|
1698 |
9 July 1698, the San Francisco Xavier |
Nuestra Señora del Rosario and (?) the San Gerónimo |
the San Francisco Xavier |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1699 |
the San Francisco Xavier and the Nuestra Señora del Rosario, one of which arrived 3 September 1699 |
the San Francisco Xavier, which would arrive in Acapulco 15 January 1700 |
Nuestra Señora del Rosario , 11 January 1699 |
San Francisco Xavier and the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
|
1700 |
15 June and then 2 October or 20 November 1700, the San Francisco Xavier |
26 June 1700, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
15 January 1700, the San Francisco Xavier (had left Manila in 1699); 5 December 1700, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
the San Francisco Xavier |
|
1701 |
29 June 1701, Borongan, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario] |
5 July or 2 August 1701, the San Francisco Javier (which would arrive in Acapulco 8 January 1702) |
27 March 1701, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
|
|
1702 |
9 July 1702, Palapag, the San Francisco Xavier |
on or about 15 July 1702, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario, which would arrive in Acapulco 12 January 1703 |
8 January 1702, the San Francisco Xavier, which had left the islands in July or August 1701 |
on or before 31 March 1702, the San Francisco Xavier |
|
1703 |
5 July 1703, Sorsogon, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
25 June 1703, the [Nuestra Señora del] Rosario [y San Vicente Ferrer] (which would arrive in Acapulco 15 January 1704) |
12 January 1703, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario, which had left the Philippines in July 1702 |
25 March 1703, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1704 |
on or before 9 March 1704, the San Francisco Xavier; and, 7 July 1704, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Vicente Ferrer |
?Nuestra Senõra del Rosario? |
15 January 1704, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Vicente Ferrer (had sailed from the Islands 25 June 1703). ?Nuestra Señora del Rosario? |
[the San Francisco Xavier]; and 19 March 1704, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Vicente Ferrer |
|
1705 |
June 1705 |
[one sent] |
[one arrived] |
the San Francisco Xavier, lost at sea en route; [and one other] |
|
1706 |
none |
6 July 1706, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
20 December 1706, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
none |
|
1707 |
3 October 1707, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
12 July 1707, the Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación (which would arrive in Acapulco 2 February 1708) |
8 March 1707, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1708 |
perhaps 10 July 1708, the Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación; and the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Vicente Ferrer |
|
2 February 1708, the Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación (left the islands 12 July 1707) |
the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Vicente Ferrer; and, 30 March 1708, the Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación |
|
1709 |
at least one ship |
the Nuestra Señora de Begoña (attacked by Anson, escapes, arrives Acapulco 26 January 1710); Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación y Desengaño, captured by Rogers |
|
|
|
1710 |
28 July 1710, Sorsogon, the Nuestra Señora de Begoña |
on or about 30 July 1710, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
26 January 1710, the Nuestra Señora de Begoña (had departed the Islands in 1709); on or about 13 Dec. 1710, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
31 March 1710, the Nuestra Señora de Begoña |
|
1711 |
9 or 11 July 1711, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
19 August 1711, the Nuestra Señora de Begoña (which would arrive in Acapulco 19 January 1712) |
25 March 1711, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
|
|
1712 |
8 August 1712, probably, the Nuestra Señora de Begoña |
19 January 1712, the Nuestra Señora de Begoña, which had left the Islands 19 August 1711 |
31 March 1712, the Nuestra Señora de Begoña |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1713 |
7 August 1713, probably the Santo Cristo de Burgos |
[one galleon?] |
the Santo Cristo de Burgos |
|
|
1714 |
the Nuestra Señora de Begoña |
3 August 1714, the Santo Cristo de Burgos, San Judas Tadeo y las Benditas Ánimas (which would arrive in Acapulco 3 January 1715) |
[Galleon arrived, February 1714?] |
the Nuestra Señora de Begoña |
|
1715 |
?14 July or 13 August 1715, the Santo Cristo de Burgos, San Judas Tadeo y las Benditas Ánimas |
3 January 1715, the Santo Cristo de Burgos, San Judas Tadeo y las Benditas Ánimas, which had left the Islands 3 August 1714 |
1 April 1715, the Santo Cristo de Burgos, San Judas Tadeo y las Benditas Ánimas |
|
|
1716 |
[none] |
[the Santo Cristo de Burgos, San Judas Tadeo y las Benditas Ánimas] |
the Santo Cristo de Burgos, San Judas Tadeo y las Benditas Ánimas |
[none] |
|
1717 |
July 1717, the Santo Cristo de Burgos, San Judas Tadeo y las Benditas Ánimas |
6 September 1717, the Nuestra Señora de Begoña (which would arrive in Acapulco 26 January 1718) |
31 March 1717, the Santo Cristo de Burgos, San Judas Tadeo y las Benditas Ánimas |
|
|
1718 |
28 July and 10 August, the Sacra Familia; and 2 July, Borongan, the Nuestra Señora de Begoña |
the Sacra Familia (would arrive in Acapulco in 1719) |
26 January 1718, the Nuestra Señora de Begoña, which had sailed from the Islands 6 September 1717 |
31 March 1718, the Nuestra Señora de Begoña; possibly also the Sacra Familia |
|
1719 |
none |
the Sacra Familia, which had departed the Islands in 1718 |
none |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1720 |
8 July 1720, the Sacra Familia |
the Sacra Familia |
||
|
1721 |
20 July or 6 August 1721, the Santo Cristo de Burgos; and sometime before 30 June 1721, a “patache extraordinario” |
?March 1721, the Santo Cristo de Burgos; and a “patache extraordinario” |
||
|
1722 |
the Nuestra Señora de Begoña |
30 June or 27 July 1722, the Sacra Familia |
25 December 1722, the Sacra Familia |
the Nuestra Señora de Begoña |
|
1723 |
22 June 1723, the Sacra Familia |
on or about 6 March 1723, the Sacra Familia |
||
|
1724 |
6 August 1724 |
the Sacra Familia |
[the Sacra Familia] |
|
|
1725 |
around 12 July 1725, the Sacra Familia |
2 July 1725, the patache the Nuestra Señora de los Dolores |
29 November 1725, the patache the Nuestra Señora de los Dolores |
6 April 1725, the Sacra Familia |
|
1726 |
one arrived?, July, probably in that case the patache, the Nuestra Señora de los Dolores |
July, the Santo Cristo de Burgos, lost en route; 2 September 1726, the patache the Nuestra Señora de los Dolores (which would arrive in Acapulco 7 February 1727) |
none [?] |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1727 |
one arrived?, ?on or before 3 July; 17 July 1727, the patache the Nuestra Señora de los Dolores |
7 July 1727, the Sacra Familia |
7 February 1727, the patache the Nuestra Señora de los Dolores, which had departed Cavite 2 September 1726; 24 December 1727, the Sacra Familia |
5 April 1727, the patache the Nuestra Señora de los Dolores |
|
1728 |
5 or 7 July 1728, Borongan, the Sacra Familia |
10 or 20 July 1728, the Nuestra Señora de Guía (arrived Acapulco 26 or 28 January 1729 |
27 or 30 March 1728, the Sacra Familia |
|
|
1729 |
July 1729, 9 or 14 August 1729, the Nuestra Señora de Guía |
11 July 1729, the Sacra Familia (would arrive in Acapulco 19 January 1730) |
26 or 28 January 1729, the Nuestra Señora de Guía (departed Islands in 1728) |
around 31 March or ?May 1729, the Nuestra Señora de Guía |
|
1730 |
at least one arrived, perhaps in September 1730, perhaps survivors from the Sacra Familia |
16 July 1730, the Nuestra Señora de Guía (which would arrive in Acapulco 20 February 1731) |
19 January 1730, the Sacra Familia (had departed Cavite 11 July 1729) |
9 or 31 March 1730, the Sacra Familia, lost en route, in Mindoro, 9 or 10 November 1730 |
|
1731 |
perhaps in July 1731, or with more likelihood 19 September 1731, the Nuestra Señora de Guía |
18 July 1731, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga; and the San Cristóbal, both to arrive in Acapulco in January 1732 |
20 February 1731, the Nuestra Señora de Guía, which had sailed from Cavite 16 July 1730 |
5 April 1731, the Nuestra Señora de Guía |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1732 |
7 June 1732, the San Cristóbal; 11 July 1732, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga |
11 July 1732, the Nuestra Señora de Guía |
20 January 1732, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga, which had departed Cavite 18 July 1731; and, 26 January 1732, the San Cristóbal, which had sailed from Cavite on or about 18 July 1731 also |
?21 or 31 March 1732, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga;and the San Cristóbal |
|
1733 |
14 June or 10 July 1733, the Nuestra Señora de Guía; 16 July 1733, the Santo Cristo de Burgos |
two galleons sent, 26 July 1733, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga and the San Cristóbal [or Nuestra Señora del Pilar] (would arrive in Acapulco in 1734) |
18 February 1733, the Nuestra Señora de Guía, which had sailed from Cavite 11 July 1732 |
the Santo Cristo de Burgos; and, 6 or 7 April 1733, the Nuestra Señora de Guía |
|
1734 |
on or before 14 August 1734, probably 25-26 July, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga; and the San Cristóbal [the Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza] |
6 July 1734, the San Cristóbal (would arrive in Acapulco 6 July 1735) and (very doubtfully) one other |
21 February 1734, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga and the San Cristóbal, both ships having left Cavite on or about 26 July 1733 |
9 April 1734, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga; and the Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza; [?the San Cristóbal] |
|
1735 |
the San Cristóbal, shipwrecked, perhaps in Bulusan, 29 or 30 June 1735 |
30 July 1735, the Nuestra Señora de Guía; and the Encarnación(???) |
16 January 1735, the San Cristóbal, which had departed Cavite 6 July 1734; [the Encarnación???] |
29 March 1735, the San Cristóbal |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1736 |
30 August 1736, Sorsogon, the Nuestra Señora de Guía (left Sorsogon 19 February 1737 and arrived in Cavite 4 March 1737) |
31 July 1736, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga; and, probably, the Nuestra Señora del Pilar |
24 February 1736, the Nuestra Señora de Guía; ? the Nuestra Señora del Pilar; and 17 January 1737, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga |
16 or 17 April 1736, the Nuestra Señora de Guía |
|
1737 |
19 July or around 1 August or on 9 October 1737, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga; 16 September 1737, the Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza. Both ships could not reach Cavite until 29 January 1738. |
25 July 1737, the Nuestra Señora de la Guía |
17 January 1737, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga, which had sailed from Cavite 31 July 1736 |
2 April 1737, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga; and the Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza |
|
1738 |
on or about 28 or 30 July 1738, the Nuestra Señora de Guía |
3 August 1738, the Nuestra Señora del Pilar |
9 February 1738, the Nuestra Señora de Guía, which had left Cavite 25 July 1737; 23 February 1739, the Nuestra Señora del Pilar; |
5 April 1738, the Nuestra Señora de Guía |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1739 |
July, 6 September, or 20 August 1739, the Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza |
the Nuestra Señora de Guía |
23 February 1739, the the Nuestra Señora del Pilar, which had left Cavite 3 August 1738 |
11 or 12 April 1739, the Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza |
|
1740 |
11 August 1740, the Nuestra Señora de Guía |
13 July 1740, the patache, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga |
27 January 1741, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga |
30 April or 2 May 1740, the Nuestra Señora de Guía |
|
1741 |
2 August 1741, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga |
the Nuestra Señora del Pilar |
27 January 1741, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga, which had left Cavite 13 July 1740; 9 or 19 January 1742, the Nuestra Señora del Pilar |
1 April 1741, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga |
|
1742 |
19 March 1743, the Nuestra Señora del Pilar |
the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga |
[Nuestra Señora de Covadonga]; 19 January 1742, having left the Islands in 1741, the Nuestra Señora del Pilar |
7 December 1742, the Nuestra Señora del Pilar |
|
1743 |
19 March 1743, the Nuestra Señora del Pilar |
July 1743, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario, but forced to return to port |
[the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga] |
15 or 4 April, the Nuestra Señora de Covadonga, but captured by Anson en route |
|
1744 |
the patache, the San Francisco |
none |
[none] |
the patache, the San Francisco |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1745 |
the Santo Domingo; 13 July 1745, the San Francisco |
the patache Santo Domingo |
early 1746, the patache Santo Domingo |
25 March 1745, the San Francisco; [the Santo Domingo] |
|
1746 |
?March 1747, the Santo Domingo |
the Nuestra Señora del Rosario; and the Nuestra Señora del Pilar |
the Nuestra Señora del Rosario; the Nuestra Señora del Pilar; the Santo Domingo, end of February or March 1746 |
[the Santo Domingo] |
|
1747 |
March and June/July, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y de los Santo Reyes; and the Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza. Perhaps, 6 May 1747, the Santo Domingo |
the Rosario, but returned to port; 7 August 1747, the patache Santo Domingo, but returned to port in December |
[none] |
8 April 1747, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y de los Santo Reyes; and the Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza. [Earlier, the Santo Domingo] |
|
1748 |
the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y Santos Reyes, but returned to port |
[none] |
||
|
1749 |
8 April 1749, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario; [the Pilar] |
[the Nuestra Senora del Rosario] |
||
|
1750 |
10 or 18 or 20 July 1750, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y los Santos Reyes; ?the Pilar |
June or July1750, the Pilar, but shipwrecked en route |
January 1750, Pilar |
around 28 January 1750 or on 8 April 1750, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y los Santos Reyes; ?the Pilar |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1751 |
[none] |
18 August 1751, the Nuestra Santísima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora del Buen Fin |
[the Nuestra Santísima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora del Buen Fin] |
[none] |
|
1752 |
18 August, 2 September; 3 October, or November 1752, the Nuestra Santísima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora del Buen Fin |
7 February 1752, the Nuestra Santísima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora del Buen Fin; 3 July 1752, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Juan Bautista (alias) El Filipino |
[the Nuestra Santísima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora del Buen Fin; and the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Juan Bautista (alias) El Filipino] |
?5 April 1752, the Nuestra Santísima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora del Buen Fin |
|
1753 |
30 July 1753, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Juan Bautista (alias) El Filipino |
28 July 1753, the Santísima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora. del Buen Fin |
2 January 1754, the Santísima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora. del Buen Fin |
around 30 March 1753, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Juan Bautista (alias) El Filipino |
|
1754 |
6 July 1754, the Nuestra Señora de la Trinidad |
9 August 1754, a champán, probably the patache the Filipino y San Juan Bautista |
2 January 1754 (departed the Islands in 1753), the Santísima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora del Buen Fin |
the Nuestra Señora de la Trinidad |
|
1755 |
around 30 July 1755, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
22 or 23 July or 8 August 1755, the Santísima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora del Buen Fin |
28 February 1756, the Santísima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora del Buen Fin |
around 30 March 1755, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1756 |
4, 5, 6, or 10 October, the Santísima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora del Buen Fin |
9 August 1756, the patache, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Juan Bautista (alias) El Filipino |
28 February, departed from the Islands in 1755, the Santísima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora del Buen Fin |
29 April 1756, the Santísima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora del Buen Fin |
|
1757 |
13 July 1757, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Juan Bautista (alias) El Filipino |
30 July 1757, the Nuestra Señora de la Portería |
[the Nuestra Señora de la Portería] |
10 April 1757, the patache, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Juan Bautista (alias) El Filipino |
|
1758 |
27 August or 5 September 1758, the Nuestra Señora de la Portería; and possibly a patache called the Filipinas |
3 August 1758, the Santísima Trinidad (alias) el Poderoso |
a patache called the Filipinas |
el patache Nuestra Señora de la Portería ; possibly a patache called the Filipinas |
|
1759 |
15 or 18 July 1759, the Santísima Trinidad |
22 August 1759, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Juan Bautista (alias) el Philipino |
January 1760, Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Juan Bautista (alias) el Philipino |
25 March 1759, the Santísima Trinidad |
|
1760 |
13, 15, or 16 July 1760, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario (alias) el Filipino |
30 July 1760, the Santísima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora de Buen Fin |
January 1760, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Juan Bautista (alias) el Philipino (left the Islands in 1759) |
the Nuestra Señora del Rosario (alias) el Filipino |
|
1761 |
the Santísima Trinidad (alias) el Poderoso |
the Santísima Trinidad; and (?) the Nuestra Señora del Rosario y San Juan Bautista |
[the Santísima Trinidad] |
7 April 1761, the Santísima Trinidad (alias) el Poderoso |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1762 |
the Nuestra Señora del Rosario (alias) el Filipino |
1 August 1762, the Santísima Trinidad (alias) Nuestra Señora del Buen Fin, returned to port and was captured by the English |
the Nuestra Señora del Rosario, y San Juan Bautista |
10 April 1762, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario (alias) el Filipino |
|
1763 |
25 July 1763, at least one |
none |
[none] |
[at least one sent?] |
|
1764 |
16 March 1764, the Santa Rosa |
14 August 1764, the Santa Rosa |
[the Santa Rosa] |
the Santa Rosa |
|
1765 |
2, 3, or 6 July, the Santa Rosa |
7 September 1765, the Santa Rosa |
[the Santa Rosa] |
6 April 1765, the Santa Rosa |
|
1766 |
23 June 1766, the Santa Rosa |
the Santa Rosa; 13 August, the San Carlos Borromeo |
the Santa Rosa |
1 April 1766, the Santa Rosa; and, 24 December 1766, from San Blas, the Nuestra Señora de la Soledad (alias) La Sonora] |
|
1767 |
19 May 1767, the Nuestra Señora de la Soledad (alias) La Sonora; 12, 18, or 20 July 1767, the San Carlos Borromeo |
7 August 1767, the Santa Rosa |
the San Carlos Borromeo |
3 April 1767, the San Carlos Borromeo |
|
1768 |
22 October 1768, the Santa Rosa |
3 or 8 August 1768, the San Carlos [Borromeo], but returned to port |
3 April 1768, the Santa Rosa |
|
|
1769 |
???July 1769, the San Carlos [Borromeo] |
the San Carlos |
[?San Carlos] |
?[?the San Carlos?]? |
|
1770 |
on or about 31 July 1770, the San Carlos [Borromeo] |
23 August, the San José, but had to return to port |
29 March 1770, the San Carlos [Borromeo] |
|
|
1771 |
[none?] |
the San José |
[none?] |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1772 |
6 or 27 July 1772, the San José
|
San Carlos (alias) A. Burro Mio [sic], but returned to port, where it was burned, hit by a thunderbolt; 12 July 1772, the Nuestra Señora del Rosario |
[?the Nuestra Señora del Rosario] |
2 April 1772, the San José |
|
1773 |
|
6 January 1773, the Nuestra Señora de la Consolación (alias) El Buen Fin; the San José |
4 December 1773, the Nuestra Señora de la Consolación (alias) El Buen Fin; the San José] |
|
|
1774 |
August 1774, the San José de Gracia |
the Nuestra Señora de la Consolación (alias) El Buen Fin |
the Nuestra Señora de la Consolación (alias) El Buen Fin |
5 April 1774, the San José de Gracia |
|
1775 |
the San José |
17 or 19 April 1775, the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción (alias) el Desengaño, wrecked en route |
||
|
1776 |
8 August 1776, the San José de Gracia; and, on or about 9 August 1776, the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción (alias) La Balandra |
the San Pedro |
the San Pedro |
29 March 1776, the San José de Gracia; and the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción (alias) La Balandra |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1777 |
[none] |
[none] |
||
|
1778 |
July 1778, the San Pedro (alias) el Caviteño; and 16 September 1778, ?the San José de Gracia? |
the San Pedro (alias) el Caviteño; and the San José [de Gracia] |
San José [de Gracia]; and the [San Pedro (alias) el Caviteño] |
the San Pedro (alias) el Caviteño; and, 15 March 1778, the San José de Gracia |
|
1779 |
16 June 1779, the San Pedro (alias) el Caviteño |
San Antonio Xavier (alias) El Filipino; [the San Pedro (alias) el Caviteño];3 June 1779, the San José |
21 November 1779, the San José de Gracia; the San Pedro |
11 March 1779, the San Pedro el Caviteño; and, 18 December 1779, the San Antonio alias el Principia |
|
1780 |
16 April 1780, the San Antonio (alias) el Principe; and, 11 June 1780, the San José |
1 June 1780, the San Pedro (alias) el Caviteño; and the Nuestra Señora del Rosario, alias La Princesa; and the San Pedro. |
27 October 1780, the San Pedro (alias) el Caviteño |
on or about 15 February 1780, the San José |
|
1781 |
8 May 1781, the San Pedro (alias) el Caviteño |
[the San Pedro (alias) el Caviteño |
the San Pedro (alias) el Caviteño |
the San Pedro (alias) el Caviteño |
|
1782 |
May or 20 July 1782, the San José de Gracia |
June 1782, the San Pedro (alias) el Caviteño, but it was lost at sea |
the San José de Gracia |
|
|
1783 |
?6 November 1783, the Princesa |
?12 July 1783, the Princesa |
||
|
1784 |
8 June 1784, the San José; the San Andrés; and the [San Pedro] |
San Felipe; San José [de Gracia]; and the San Pedro el Caviteño |
11 November or December 1784, the San Felipe; the San José [de Gracia]; and the San Pedro el Caviteño |
the San José; the San Pedro; and the San Andrés |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1785 |
on or about 14 July 1785, the San Felipe |
the [San Felipe]; and the [San José?] |
the San Felipe; and the [San José?] |
15, 17, or 21 February 1785, the San Felipe; the Santiago; and the Princesa |
|
1786 |
8 or 9 July 1786, the San José de Gracia; 3 or 11 August 1786. |
the San Andrés |
the San José; and the San Andrés |
La Felicidad; and, 5 March 1786, the San José de Gracia |
|
1787 |
May or 1 July or 10 July. The Felicidad; the San Carlos; and La Princesa; on or about 23 August 1787, the San Andrés |
14 July 1787, the San Andrés |
the San Andrés |
on or about 30 March 1787, the San Andrés |
|
1788 |
16 or 20 June, 22 September, or 18 October 1788, the San José |
26 March 1788, the San José |
||
|
1789 |
14 or 20 September 1789, probably a ship coming from Spain via Africa and South Asia? Otherwise, [none] |
the San Carlos (alias) el Filipino |
the San Carlos (alias) el Filipino |
[none] |
|
1790 |
1 August 1790; 12 September 1790, the San Andrés |
[the San Andrés] |
on or about 24 March 1790, the San Andrés |
|
|
1791 |
on or about 1 July 1791, the San Andrés |
the San Andrés |
the San Andrés |
|
|
1792 |
4 June 1792; 23 July 1792, [probably the San Andrés] |
the San Andrés; and the [San José] |
the [San Andrés]; and the San José |
8 March 1792, the San Andrés |
|
1793 |
28 August or around 2 September 1793, the San José |
the San José; and, around 31 March 1793, the Rey Carlos |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1794 |
the [San Fernando Magallanes] |
27 November 1794, the San Fernando Magallanes |
28 February 1794, the San Andrés |
|
|
1795 |
9 May, 19 June, or 20 June 1795, the Magallanes |
the San Andrés, but she had to return to port |
at least two? |
9 March 1795, the Magallanes; and 25 December 1795, the Activo |
|
1796 |
26 June, at least one ship |
?San Andrés |
?San Andrés |
1 March, at least one ship; 25 December, from San Blas, the Activo |
|
1797 |
11 or 15 March; the Activo; around 11 September, the San Andrés |
Magallanes; [San Andrés] |
Magallanes; San Andrés |
18 February, the San Andrés |
|
1798 |
possibly 7 April, possibly the Magallanes; 25 May, the Fama |
San Andrés de las Naranjas and the Pilar. The San Andrés was shipwrecked en route; [San José de Gracía]; [Fama]; [Magallanes] |
the Pilar; the San José de Gracía;the Fama; and the Magallanes |
possibly 2 January, possibly the Magallanes; 11 March, the Fama |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1799 |
17 May, the Magallanes; around 30 June, Nuestra Señora del Pilar;also arrived the San Pedro alias el Caviteño |
San Pedro alias el Caviteño; 13 March, Nuestra Señora del Pilar and the Magallanes |
||
|
1800 |
around 14 July, the Pilar |
San Rafael alias Comercio de Manila; [Magallanes]; [two other fragatas] |
San Rafael (alias) Comercio de Manila; Magallanes; two fragatas |
San Rafael alias Comercio de Manila; 13 March, Pilar; Magallanes |
|
1801 |
around 15 May, the Magallanes, the Fama, and the Lucia |
Montañes; San Rafael; [Rey Carlos] |
Montañes; San Rafael (to San Blas and Callao); Rey Carlos |
5 March, the Magallanes, the Fama, and the Lucia |
|
1802 |
around 31 May, El Montañes |
Principia Asturias; Concepción; ?Nra. Sra. de Guía (alias) la Casualidad |
Principia Asturias; Concepción; Nra. Sra. de Guía (alias) la Casualidad |
At least one, 4 March, El Montañes |
|
1803 |
Nancy; Franklin |
Nancy; Franklin |
Casualidad; Concepción (fromSan Blas); Principe de Asturias(from San Blas) |
|
|
1804 |
at least one ship, prob. the Magallanes |
[Concepción] |
Concepción |
March, the Nao San Fernando (alias) el Magallanes |
|
1805 |
10 or 19 April, prob. the Magallanes |
[San Rafael] |
San Rafael |
8 February, the San Fernando alias the Magallanes |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1806 |
Concepción; the San Fernando alias el Magallanes;[San Andrés; Rey Carlos; Casualidad] |
11 December, La Esperanza, but wrecked en route; El Hardinger; ?el Montañez; San Andrés; [San Rafaell; San Fernando alias el Magallanes, but had to return to port |
El Hardinger; el Montañez; San Andrés; San Rafael |
Concepción; San Fernando alias the Magallanes;San Andrés |
|
1807 |
[San Fernando, el Magallanes; San Francisco Xavier] |
San Fernando, alias el Magallanes; San Francisco Xavier (to San Blas) |
||
|
1808 |
San Fernando alias the Magallanes |
San Fernando alias the Magallanes |
[Magallanes] |
22 or 27 April, the San Fernando alias the Magallanes |
|
1809 |
around 30 July, the Activo |
[el Nao de Filipinas] |
30 November, el Nao de Filipinas |
the Activo |
|
1810 |
4 March; 12 June. |
[a Goleta Mosca] |
la Goleta Mosca |
[at least two ships] |
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
|
1811 |
San Fernando alias the Magallanes |
Rey Fernando [alias the Magallanes] |
[Rey Fernando [alias the Magallanes]] |
[Magallanes]
|
|
1812 |
none |
none |
none |
none |
|
1813 |
4 September, prob. not from Americas |
none |
none |
none |
|
1814 |
?9 September, prob. not from Americas |
[?San Rafael] |
?San Rafael |
?Fidelidad ?Rey Fernando |
|
1815 |
18 or 19 July Magallanes |
?Victoria |
?Victoria |
Magallanes
|
|
Arrive Philippines |
Depart Philippines |
Arrive Mexico |
Depart Mexico |
Abbreviations, Terms, and Frequently Used Sources
AGI, Filipinas, “1771. Testimonio literal ….”
Archivo General de las Indias.
Audiencia de Filipinas, Legajo 967, “1771. Testimonio literal de la Real Cedula y Reglamento de 19 de Diciembre de 1769 para este Comercio y de varios Certificos de oficiales Reales dado a Solicitud del Consulado, e Ynformes de la N. C. obras Pias, Religiones y Reverendos Obispo de Camarines, y Arzobispo de Manila que comprueban la grande diferencia que hay del valor de los generos en esta Republica en el año de 736 a lo que valen en el presente, y las Perdidas, y que brantos que ha tenido desde aquel año á este, las que han motivado el deplorable estado, y suma pobreza en que se halla.” 215ff.
AGI, Filipinas, “Mapa demostrativo … 1736 a 1770.”
Audiencia de Filipinas, Legajo 967, “Mapa demostrativo que representa los buques que se han despachado de estas islas al reino de Nueva España desde 1736 a 1770.” Folio 123, desplegable del testimonio anterior.
almiranta: “When two ships sailed the flagship of the general-commander was known as the capitana and her consort as the almiranta, or the admiral’s ship.” William Lytle Schurz, The Manila Galleon (New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1939), 193
arribadas: “Arribadas, or returns to port, were very frequent in the galleon navigation.”
Atmospheric Circulation Changes
Garcia, Rolando R., et al. “Atmospheric Circulation Changes in the Tropical Pacific Inferred from the Voyages of the Manila Galleons in the Sixteenth-Eighteenth Centuries.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 82:11 (November 2001), 2435-56, found at http://ams.allenpress.com/amsonline/.
British Library
= British Library, Additional Manuscript number 19293, Authenticated abstract of thirty official journals of as many voyages from the Philippine Islands to New Spain, made in the years 1699-1740. [please see the Bibliography for a fuller description]
BRPI = Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson
The Philippine Islands 1493-1898. Cleveland, Ohio: A. H. Clark Co., 1903-1909. 55 volumes.
Boxer, C. R.
Catalogue of Philippine Manuscripts in the Lilly Library. Bloomington: Asian Studies Research Institute (Occasional Papers, no. 2), Indiana University, 1968.
brisa: “Viento de la parte del Nordeste que es contrapuesto al vendaval.”
María Lourdes Díaz-Trechuelo Spínola, “Dos Nuevos Derroteros del Galeon de Manila (1730 y 1773),” Anuario de Estudios Americanos, 13 (1956), 80.
Cano, Gaspar, O.S.A.
Catálogo de los religiosos de N. P. S. Agustin de la Provincia del Smo. Nombre de Jesus de Filipinas desde su establecimiento en estas islas hasta nuestros dias. Manila: Imp. de Ralmirez y Giraudier, 1864.
capitana: please see almiranta
champan: “Buque de la China y del Japón; largo, de mucho arrufo, de tres palos con velas de estera fina al tercio; el palo de proa muy inclinado hacia esta parte, la vela mayor muy grande y la mesana, chica. El buque se compone de seis u ocho cajones grandes unidos y bien calfateados; de modo que aunque se deshaga aquél, la gente se salva en éstos. Por lo regular navega en los rios y cerca de las costas, aunque con tiempo bonancible solían antes llegar hasta Filipinas.”
María Lourdes Díaz-Trechuelo Spínola, “Dos Nuevos Derroteros del Galeon de Manila (1730 y 1773),” Anuario de Estudios Americanos, 13 (1956), 81.
Dahlgren, Erik Wilhelm
The Discovery of the Hawaiian Islands. New York: AMS Press, 1977. Reprint of Were the Hawaiian Islands Visited by the Spaniards before their discovery by Captain Cook in 1778?, which was issued as bd. 57, no. 4 of Kungl. Svenska vetenskapasakademien Handlingar (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksells, 1916).
I wish to thank Tom Peterson, author of Secrets of the Manila Galleons, who has spent over twelve years in researching these ships and who generously shared with me his manuscript index “Manila Galleon Movements” and the bibliography which led me to this book by Dahlgren.
de la Costa, Horacio, S.J.
The Jesuits in the Philippines, 1581-1768. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1967.
fragata: “Embarcación de tres palos con cofas y una sola batería corrida de popa a proa. Las hay de Guerra y mercantes, y en lo antiguo se construían hasta de doscientas toneladas.”
María Lourdes Díaz-Trechuelo Spínola, “Dos Nuevos Derroteros del Galeon de Manila (1730 y 1773),” Anuario de Estudios Americanos, 13 (1956), 81.
galeota: “Galera menor.”
María Lourdes Díaz-Trechuelo Spínola, “Dos Nuevos Derroteros del Galeon de Manila (1730 y 1773),” Anuario de Estudios Americanos, 13 (1956), 81.
galera: “Embarcación de carga, de pequeño porte, usada en las costas asiáticas.”
María Lourdes Díaz-Trechuelo Spínola, “Dos Nuevos Derroteros del Galeon de Manila (1730 y 1773),” Anuario de Estudios Americanos, 13 (1956), 82.
Gomez Platero, O.F.M.
Gomez Platero, Eusebio, O.F.M.
Catálogo biográfico de los religiosos franciscanos de la provincia de San Gregorio Magno de Filipinas desde 1577 en que llegaron los primeros á Manila hasta los de nuestros días. Manila : Imprenta del Real Colegio de Santo Tomás, 1880.
paquebot: “Embarcación semejante al bertantín, con la diferencia de no ser tan fina, y de llevar vela mayor redonda, como las fragatas y mesana en lugar de cangreja, envergada en el esnón o husillo. Por lo regular suele servir para correo.”
María Lourdes Díaz-Trechuelo Spínola, “Dos Nuevos Derroteros del Galeon de Manila (1730 y 1773),” Anuario de Estudios Americanos, 13 (1956), 82.
patache: “Embarcación de dos palos, y antiguamente de guerra que se destinaba en las escuadras para llevar avisos, reconocer las costas y guardar las entradas de los puertos. Hoy solo se usa en la marina mercante. Los españoles dieron también este nombre á los champagnes.”
María Lourdes Díaz-Trechuelo Spínola, “Dos Nuevos Derroteros del Galeon de Manila (1730 y 1773),” Anuario de Estudios Americanos, 13 (1956), 82.
Pérez, Elviro Jorde, O.S.A.
Catálogo bio-bibliográfico de los religiosos Agustinos de la provincia del Santísimo Nombre de Jesús de las Islas Filipinas desde su fundación hasta nuestros dias …. Manila: Colegio de Santo Tomas, 1901.
Quirino, Carlos; and Abraham Laygo
Regésto Guión Catálogo de los Documentos Existentes en México sobre Filipinas. Manila: El Comité de Amistad Filipino-Méxicana, 1965.
The Quirino source has a notable defect, fortunately surmountable. As a general rule, in the section “Ramo de Filipinas,” which is pp. 1-94 of this 541 page guide, the dates of the documents were not transcribed. Fortunately the Newberry Library, which has a microfilm copy of the documents in this section (but not of pages 95 ff.) also has a finding guide to the microfilm, which does have the dates. With the Quirino source and the aid of the finding guide, I was able to find and date references to many galleons engaged in the Acapulco-Manila transit. The documents listed subsequent to page 94, drawn from a variety of other areas of the Mexican national archives, do have dates listed.
Robles, Eliodoro G.
Supplement to the Calendar of Philippine Documents in the Ayer Collection, Edited by Paul S. Lietz. Chicago: The Ayer Collection, The Newberry Library, 1958. Manuscript listing, Newberry Library, Ayer Collection, Call Number = 290/L6128/1956 suppl.
Sádaba del Carmen, Francisco, O.R.S.A.
Catálogo de los religiosos agustinos recoletos de la Provincia de San Nicolás de Tolentino de Filipinas desde el año 1606, en que llegó la primera mission á Manila, hasta nuestros días…. Manila: Asilo de Huerfanos del Sagrado Corazon de Jesus, 1906.
Schurz, William Lytle
The Manila Galleon. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1939.
vendaval: “En general se da este nombre a todo viento fuerte que sopla de la mar. Se llaman ‘vendavales’ los vientos que servían para volver de Indias, o de Filipinas a Méjico y eran desde el sur hasta el noroeste.”
María Lourdes Díaz-Trechuelo Spínola, “Dos Nuevos Derroteros del Galeon de Manila (1730 y 1773),” Anuario de Estudios Americanos, 13 (1956), 83.
“The departure of the galleon from Manila ordinarily fell within the first months of this monsoon [the northeast monsoon, late September to April], which the Spaniards knew as the vendaval.”
William Lytle Schurz, The Manila Galleon (New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1939), 217.
Major Sources Used (Bibliography)
Manuscripts
As always I wish to express my sincere thanks to the help of archivists at the following repositories who aided me in tracking down and retrieving copies of relevant sources, often through letters and e-mail and subsequent requests for copies. Their expertise and patience was crucial and very much appreciated. I also thank other colleagues in print and in person who helped guide me to these sources.
Archivo General de las Indias.
Audiencia de Filipinas, Legajo 967, “1771. Testimonio literal de la Real Cedula y Reglamento de 19 de Diciembre de 1769 para este Comercio y de varios Certificos de oficiales Reales dado a Solicitud del Consulado, e Ynformes de la N. C. obras Pias, Religiones y Reverendos Obispo de Camarines, y Arzobispo de Manila que comprueban la grande diferencia que hay del valor de los generos en esta Republica en el año de 736 a lo que valen en el presente, y las Perdidas, y que brantos que ha tenido desde aquel año á este, las que han motivado el deplorable estado, y suma pobreza en que se halla.” 215ff.
Audiencia de Filipinas, Legajo 967, “Mapa demostrativo que representa los buques que se han despachado de estas islas al reino de Nueva España desde 1736 a 1770.” Folio 123, desplegable del testimonio anterior.
One could just as readily cite this and the proceeding item as a single reference, since the chart is in fact part of the 1771 report. For convenience of citation I separate them. I thank Dr. Salvador P. Escoto for the reference to these two sources.
Bancroft Library, the University of California, Berkeley.
Philippine Commerce and the Manila Galleon Collection. BancMss 91/111 Z.
1788, Jan. 9: Part II, Two sets of accounts, one undated. Merchants’ accounts of Acapulco fairs.
The British Library.
Additional Manuscript number 19293, Authenticated abstract of thirty official journals of as many voyages from the Philippine Islands to New Spain, made in the years 1699-1740.
The Spanish title is Testimonio relativo de treinta diarios de la navegación hecha por diferentes navios de la carera de Philipinas para Nueva España con nota de las señales que vieron en las latitudes y longitudes por la navegación, y de las cosas que se ofricieron sobre necessidades daños y Guerra con inserción de algunas juntas.
The copy from the microfilm I saw (provided to me graciously by the supportive staff of the British Library) consisted of oversized folios, approximately 113 ff. in length, with additional folios with crude maps (often with compass and other notations, evidently from shipboard of a variety of ports in the Philippines) at the end. The reference came originally from Wayne V. Burt, “The Search for the Manila Galleon Log Books,” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 71:11 (November 1990), 1635, 1636.
A translation and a seventy-five page transcription of the galleon logs for 1699 to 1740 can be found in Tom Peterson’s Secrets of the Manila Galleons (Corvallis, Oregon: privately published, 2002; second edition, 2005), Chapter 10, “Logs of the Manila Galleons, 1699-1740,” as well as brief references to palomas noted in those logs in his Chapter 12, “Doves and the Manila Galleons.”
Major Published Sources
Blair, Emma Helen; and James Alexander Robertson
The Philippine Islands 1493-1898. Cleveland, Ohio: A. H. Clark Co., 1903-09. 55 v.
Boxer, C. R.
Catalogue of Philippine Manuscripts in the Lilly Library. Bloomington: Asian Studies Research Institute (Occasional Papers, no. 2), Indiana University, 1968.
“Plata es Sangre: Sidelights on the Drain of Spanish-American Silver in the Far East, 1550-1700.” Philippine Studies, 18:3 (July 1970), 457-78.
Brand, Donald D. “Geographical Exploration by the Spaniards,” in Hernan R. Friis, ed., The Pacific Basin: A History of Its Geographical Exploration (New York, 1967), 109-44, 362-75.
Burt, Wayne V.
“The Search for the Manila Galleon Log Books.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 71:11 (November 1990), 1630-36.
Cano, Gaspar, O.S.A.
Catálogo de los religiosos de N. P. S. Agustin de la Provincia del Smo. Nombre de Jesus de Filipinas desde su establecimiento en estas islas hasta nuestros dias. Manila: Imp. de Ramirez y Giraudier, 1864.
Chaunu, Pierre
Las Filipinas y el Pacífico de los Ibéricos siglos XVI-XVII-XVIII (Estadísticas y Atlas). Mexico City: Instituto Mexicano de Comercio Exterior, 1974.
“Le Galion de Manille. Grandeur et decadence d’une route de la sole.” Annales, 6:4 (October-December 1951), 447-62.
Cosano Moyano, José
Filipinas y su Real Hacienda (1750-1800). Córdoba, Spain: Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Córdoba, 1986.
Dahlgren, Erik Wilhelm
The Discovery of the Hawaiian Islands. New York: AMS Press, 1977.
Reprint of Were the Hawaiian Islands Visited by the Spaniards before their discovery by Captain Cook in 1778?, which was issued as bd. 57, no. 4 of Kungl. Svenska vetenskapasakademien Handlingar (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksells, 1916).
de la Costa, Horacio, S.J.
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Díaz-Trechuelo Spínola, María Lourdes
“Dos Nuevos Derroteros del Galeon de Manila (1730 y 1773),” Anuario de Estudios Americanos, 13 (1956), 1-83.
Also see Thomas K. Peterson, Secrets of the Manila Galleons (Corvallis, Oregon: privately published, 2002; second edition, 2005), Chapter 5, “The Working Career of Enrique Herman, Manila Galleon Pilot,” for more on the 1730 proposal.
Flynn, Dennis Ol; and Arturo Giráldez.
“Born with a ‘Silver Spoon’: The Origin of World Trade in 1571.” Journal of World History, 6:2 (1995), 201-21.
“China and the Manila Galleons.” IN A. J. H. Latham and Heita Kavakatsu, eds. Japanese Industrialization and the Asian Economy London: Routledge, 1994), 71-90.Also IN Dennis O. Flynn, ed., World Silver and Monetary History in the 16th and 17th Centuries (England: Variorum, 1996), reprint XV.
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European Entry into the Pacific. Spain and the Acapulco-Manila Galleons. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2001.
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“Atmospheric Circulation Changes in the Tropical Pacific Inferred from the Voyages of the Manila Galleons in the Sixteenth-Eighteenth Centuries.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 82:11 (November 2001), 2435-56, found at http://ams.allenpress.com/amsonline/.
García González, Antonio F.
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Gerhard, Peter.
Pirates on the West Coast of New Spain 1575-1742. Glendale, California: The Arthur H. Clark Company, 1960. Reprinted in what appears to be an exact copy in 1990 by the University of Nebraska Press as Pirates of the Pacific, 1575-1742.
Gómez Platero, Eusebio, O.F.M.
Catálogo biográfico de los religiosos franciscanos de la provincia de San Gregorio Magno de Filipinas desde 1577 en que llegaron los primeros á Manila hasta los de nuestros días. Manila : Imprenta del Real Colegio de Santo Tomás, 1880.
Leonard, Irving A.
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Lorente Rodrigañez, Luis Maria
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Pajarón Parody, Concepción.
Don Fernando Manuel de Bustamante y Bustillo. Governador de Filipinas (1717-1719). Seville: Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1964.
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Catálogo bio-bibliográfico de los religiosos Agustinos de la provincia del Santísimo Nombre de Jesús de las Islas Filipinas desde su fundación hasta nuestros dias …. Manila: Colegio de Santo Tomas, 1901.
Peterson, Thomas K.
Secrets of the Manila Galleons. Corvallis, Oregon: privately published, 2002; second edition, 2005. 163pp.
Quirino, Carlos; and Abraham Laygo
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Schurz, William Lytle
The Manila Galleon. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1939.
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The Spanish Lake. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1979.
Monopolists and Freebooters. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983.
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“New World silver, Castile and the Philippines 1590-1800.” IN J. F. Richards, ed., Precious Metals in the Later Medieval and Early Modern Worlds (Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 1983)m 425-45.
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“The Seventeenth-Century Crisis in New Spain: Myth or Reality?” Past and Present, 90 (February 1981), 116-35.
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Galleon Miscellany
Que para ir bien reglador la Navegacion, ha de ser la arribada de la Nave, o Naves á Acapulco en el mes de Diciembre; o lo mas inmediato a él, y se ha de proporcionar su retorno, y salida para principios del mes de Abril, o entrado poco este mes; de forma, que ha de verificarse su arribo visita, descarga de estos quarto meses, medio mas, o menos, a lo qual han de cooperar, y dirigirse todas las providencias, y operaciones del Govierno de Nueva España assi para que no se retarde un punto, como para que se executen sin fraude de mi Real Hacienda, ni exceso en los limites del permiso.
Manila, 28 September 1761, point 20 of 42 numbered points regarding how best to handle the Acapulco/Manila trade, based on transcribed royal decrees; copied from ff. 31v-32, AGI, Filipinas, “1771. Testimonio literal ….”
… que desde el año de mil setecientos treinta y seis hasta el pasado de mil setecientos y setenta se han despachado de estas Yslas para el Puerto de Acapulco consistenten en el Reynos de Nueva España los treinta y tres Buques de Carga de la Carrera que individualmente se nominan los dos de ellos en lastre que fueron el Patache Santo Domingo en mil setecientos quarenta y cinco, y Nuestra Señora de la Porteria en cinquenta y siete, pues con que este ultimo llevo generala para el comercio no se puso nada y que en los años de quarenta y quarto, y sesenta y tres no se despacharon Barco por la Guerra. Que ha havido las quarto arrivadas que hicieron los quarto Barcos que fueron los nombrados Nuestra Señora del Rosario en el año de mil setecientos quarenta y tres; el Nuestra Señora del Rosario y los Santos Reyes en el setecientos quarenta y ocho; y la Fragata San Carlos en mil setecientos sesenta y ocho, y la Fragata San Joseph en mil setecientos y sesenta. Que los nombrados Nuestra Señora de Cobadonga y la Santisima Trinidad fueron apresados por los Yngleses; el primero por el Almirante Yngles Jorge Amon en mil setecientos quarenta y tres, y el Segundo por Navios de la Esquadra de la misma Nacion desenada a la expedicion contra esta Plaza de Manila en mil setecientos sesenta y dos cuias perdidas generales, y la del ya nombrado Nuestra Senora del Pilar de Zaragoza que naufragó en setecientos y cinquenta segun lo manifestado, ascieden juntas a setecientos ochenta y seis mil quinientos sesenta y dos pesos como en su clase se figura en decadencia del comercio: Que el total numbero de Piezas que este podia haver embarcado conforme al Real Permiso en los treinta y cinco años que comprehende esta constancia a quarto mil en cada uno son ciento y quarenta mil Piezas que segun el regulado de Ciento viente y cinco pesos cada una … asciende a dies y siete millones y quinientos mil pesos ….
AGI, Filipinas, “1771. Testimonio literal …,” ff. 124-25.
Also see Dahlgren, 104-07 for a full and authoritative description of the voyages from Manila to Acapulco and their pattern and contingencies, much of it taken from the British Museum manuscript “Add. MS. 19293.” This material should be supplemented from the translation and transcription of detailed information from the British Museum manuscript “Add. MS. 17625, ff. 74-82, that he provides on pp. 131-35.